Planning for Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Making arrangements for Learning - Essay Example Consequently it is essential to manufacture a schoolwork structure for them and that should discover place in center and secondary school. The significant viewpoint to be watched is that the getting ready for learning ought to think about progress however not flawlessness. The arranging ought to think about account, having the books vital for getting the hang of, checking on of the understudy's books, concurring with the understudy to take an interest in the learning program, making them to follow assignments and study hours, keeping them legit in accomplishing work, creating food of consideration regarding follow the arranging, making the understudy to utilize a schedule to follow long haul assignments and intermittently chip away at them as opposed to leaving them for the latest possible time. Another significant perspective in arranging a learning program is to survey the student's needs and social issues. The arranging of projects for learning ought to be as indicated by the appr aisal. The learning programs as a component of the arranging should follow comprehensive instructing and learning procedures. The instructor should focus on dealing with the procedure just as condition as the achievement of arranging if there should arise an occurrence of ADHD understudies relies even upon condition. Toward the finish of the program it is important to survey the results of learning programs. After that it is important for an educator to mirror his/her presentation for future practice (Arthur Robin, 2009). 2 Surveying Learners Needs Appraisal can fill various needs as it can review the fulfillment of students. In appraisal educator ought to consider enthusiastic and viable requirements of the understudy and plan in like manner. The correspondence that has happened among educator and the understudy helps in evaluating his needs for all intents and purposes just as inwardly. The significant perspective in evaluating is verbal inquiries by instructor to understudies and in the course attempting to satisfy their passionate needs. By addressing, educator can comprehend the breaches in understanding the issue by the understudy and that helps in building up an arrangement for learning for the understudies having conduct issues like ADHD as they have consideration shortage and, which brings about absence of comprehension. Notwithstanding that specialists found that the scrutinizing includes the understudies and creates correspondence with instructors accordingly empowering them to know the focuses where the understudy n eeds consideration. One appraisal an instructor can have by addressing is the effect between the understudies who know and who can comprehend. In the event that an educator can discover the understudies who simply just know, he/she can design a program that causes them in understanding the angle and the idea of the exercise. As indicated by David Edward Gray et al (2000), FENTO Standards for educating perceive the significance of expert evaluation of understudies that supports learning just as accomplishment. The evaluation needs the confirmation of key components like professional educational program, abilities, hidden information and key aptitudes. The writers of book 'Preparing to Teach in Further and Adult Education' express that evaluation is a procedure by which proof of understudy accomplishment is gotten just as judged. It requires proof and a size of gauges. The evaluation incorporates the capacity of the understudy, execution comparative with his/her gathering and his

Spartan Education Essays - Sparta, Ancient Greece, Helots

Austere Education Essays - Sparta, Ancient Greece, Helots Austere Education While looking at any general public, one of the most significant parts of its human advancement to recognize is the instruction of the adolescent. Youngsters long to satisfy their teachers. Accordingly, when all kids all through a general public are shown a specific method to live and think, when they grow up, the general public itself models these qualities imparted upon the youngsters. Normally, when utilizing this perfect to examine the historical backdrop of the Ancient Greeks, center falls upon its two significant city-states, Athens and Sparta. As in pretty much every part of correlation, the distinction between the training of the warlike Spartans contrasted with the instruction of the philosophical Athenians resembles contrasting dark with white. The principle focal point of Spartan training was not to concentrate on education. Rather, because of the arrangement of helotry rehearsed in Sparta, wellness, acquiescence, and boldness must be instructed all together for the Sparta ns to hold the aggressive matchless quality that they had over the remainder of the Peloponnesus. Interestingly, an Athenian training was committed to the three essential classifications of proficiency, music, and physical instruction in order to create wise, balanced residents who could capably take an interest in the Assembly. For reasons for examination, the training of the two social orders can be separated into three unmistakable times old enough in which certain attributes were educated and which certain schools were joined in. At the point when training was finished, the general public had effectively refined another kid into its exacting arrangement of convictions and standards. In the eighth century B.C., Sparta needed increasingly ripe land to help an ever-developing populace that requested food. Therefore, Sparta had to do what any old human progress did when needing

Four Exciting Upcoming Art Books

Four Exciting Upcoming Art Books When in danger of a text tizzy at BEA, I retreated to the seductive arms of the art publishers’ booths. Stolen minutes with the photography books, illustrated tomes, and sleek graphicsâ€"after the glut of many thousands of words, these pictures were beyond price.  Yayoi Kusama (D.A.P./Tate). The “polka dot princess” will bubble up everywhere this July. One of Japan’s most renowned artists, Kusama collaborated with Louis Vuitton on a capsule collection, with her Technicolor dots running riot over the monogram. (Flashback to the Murakami purses, anyone?) Her first American retrospective opens in New York in July, after stops in Paris and London. And she’s outrageously bonkers. After working in New York in the 1960s, palling around with Donald Judd, Joseph Cornell, and company, she returned to Japan and checked into a mental hospital, where she’s lived for over thirty years. Yet she continues working ferociouslyâ€"all charted by this monograph. Essays and photos track her installations, hypnotic paintings, prints, protests, and dancing naked in the street. The Lost Christmas Gift (Princeton Architectural Press). You could buy this for the production values alone, but the story is absolutely mesmerizing. A parcel arrives, lost in the mail since World War II. Inside is a handmade book from a father to his little boy at home, tracing a winter adventure with photos, drawings, and delicate maps. You’ll ask yourself if the package is real. It doesn’t matter. Infra(Aperture). The cover image glows with surreal, fuchsia hills. Open the book and you’ll find that this dreamscape is the war-ravaged Democratic Republic of Congo, transformed by infrared film. Photographer Richard Mosse used a discontinued kind of military aerial-surveillance film, so that anything green flips into shades of deep rose and violet. Army uniforms blush pink; soldiers rush across fields tinted a tender lavender. It’s sure to spark debate: Does the infrared shock jaded viewers into a fresh look at the conflict? Or does it create distance, sealing the scarred fighters and civilian victims in a candy-color bubble?     Jim Henson’s Tale of Sand (Archaia). It’s Jim Henson, people. He and his writing partner Jerry Juhl worked on this live-action screenplay in the late1960s and early ’70s. Then the Muppets broke out and Henson got distracted by a certain Snuffalupagous… and decades later, his breakneck desert adventure surfaces as a graphic novel. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Four Exciting Upcoming Art Books

Four Exciting Upcoming Art Books When in danger of a text tizzy at BEA, I retreated to the seductive arms of the art publishers’ booths. Stolen minutes with the photography books, illustrated tomes, and sleek graphicsâ€"after the glut of many thousands of words, these pictures were beyond price.  Yayoi Kusama (D.A.P./Tate). The “polka dot princess” will bubble up everywhere this July. One of Japan’s most renowned artists, Kusama collaborated with Louis Vuitton on a capsule collection, with her Technicolor dots running riot over the monogram. (Flashback to the Murakami purses, anyone?) Her first American retrospective opens in New York in July, after stops in Paris and London. And she’s outrageously bonkers. After working in New York in the 1960s, palling around with Donald Judd, Joseph Cornell, and company, she returned to Japan and checked into a mental hospital, where she’s lived for over thirty years. Yet she continues working ferociouslyâ€"all charted by this monograph. Essays and photos track her installations, hypnotic paintings, prints, protests, and dancing naked in the street. The Lost Christmas Gift (Princeton Architectural Press). You could buy this for the production values alone, but the story is absolutely mesmerizing. A parcel arrives, lost in the mail since World War II. Inside is a handmade book from a father to his little boy at home, tracing a winter adventure with photos, drawings, and delicate maps. You’ll ask yourself if the package is real. It doesn’t matter. Infra(Aperture). The cover image glows with surreal, fuchsia hills. Open the book and you’ll find that this dreamscape is the war-ravaged Democratic Republic of Congo, transformed by infrared film. Photographer Richard Mosse used a discontinued kind of military aerial-surveillance film, so that anything green flips into shades of deep rose and violet. Army uniforms blush pink; soldiers rush across fields tinted a tender lavender. It’s sure to spark debate: Does the infrared shock jaded viewers into a fresh look at the conflict? Or does it create distance, sealing the scarred fighters and civilian victims in a candy-color bubble?     Jim Henson’s Tale of Sand (Archaia). It’s Jim Henson, people. He and his writing partner Jerry Juhl worked on this live-action screenplay in the late1960s and early ’70s. Then the Muppets broke out and Henson got distracted by a certain Snuffalupagous… and decades later, his breakneck desert adventure surfaces as a graphic novel. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

The pros and cons of the law reform commission recognising the doctrine of unfairness in contract law for consumer protection in Irish Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2642 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? 2. Content: Using your own words, briefly explain your understanding of the essay title and the issue you are being asked to address. What exactly is the essay title asking you to do? In my opinion the essay title was asking for me to research other jurisdictions for evidence of a doctrine of unfairness, how it is stated and used in said jurisdiction. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The pros and cons of the law reform commission recognising the doctrine of unfairness in contract law for consumer protection in Irish Law" essay for you Create order I think that it also called for a comparison to be drawn between the already in place unfairness doctrine elsewhere with consumer protection legislation in the Irish legal sphere, this legal comparison and contrasting would also encompass how the new doctrine and the Law Reform Commission would interact, this being if the LRC would deem it necessary, or completely redundant, and whether it would officially bring a doctrine of unfairness into Irish law or leave it up to judicial decisions to use something of its kind in deciding cases. 7. Overall: Having read the essay Marking Standards, what do you think would be a fair mark for this essay? Explain your reasons. I would give my essay 60% because my essay is adequate but not as good as I had hope I would make. This essay will discuss the pros and cons of the law reform commission recognising, within the law, a doctrine of unfairness for contracts with the aim for consumer protection, debate whether or not a doctrine of unf airness in Irish law is necessary and should said doctrine be welcomed or not. A legal doctrine is a framework, set of rules or procedural steps often established through precedents from cases in the common law, through which judgments can be determined in a given legal case. Now, due to our understanding of a doctrine, this essay can consider the necessity of the unfairness doctrine in Irish law and consider, with reference to previous cases and consumer protection acts already in place, the possible positive or negative ramifications of the inclusion of this doctrine. Overall, the aim of this essay is to discuss the Unfairness doctrine and validate or oppose its introduction to Irish Law. The doctrine of unfairness is a doctrine in United States trade regulation law under which The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) can declare a business practice à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unfairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  because it is overbearing, oppressive or inimical to consumers even though the practice is not, an antitrust transgression, a commencement of antitrust infraction, a violation of the essence of the antitrust laws, or a misleading or deceptive practice.[1] To begin, the doctrine of unfairness was first authoritatively recognized in American law in Federal Trade Commission v. Sperry Hutchinson Co., 405 U.S. 233 (1972) although earlier Supreme Court decisions had suggested it in obiter dicta. In the Stamp Company case, the FTC were suing Sperry Hutchinson Trading Stamp Company for what they thought was an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unfairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  practice. This practice was suing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“trading stamp exchangesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Businesses set up for to allow customers, for a fee, to exchange one type of stamp for another, so as to consolidate all their stamps into one set / brand instead of a few. SH did this so as to suppress what they called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“traffickingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of their stamps, which, under their terms and conditions, customers do not own but only have the right to just paste the stamps into the booklets and to redeem said booklets at their SH redemption centre. Thus meaning that customers were not allowed to buy, sell, swap or exchange their SH stamps. The FTC were of the opinion that this was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unfairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  as it did not allow for consumers who wished to spend their stamps, or their equivalent in monetary amounts, on the essentials such as shoes, food, rent etc. rather than the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“luxuryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  items that the SH centres offered, such as blenders and food processors, to do so. This case was taken as far as the United States Supreme Court where it was decided in favour of the FTC. Thus leading to the creation of the Doctrine of Unfairness in United States Trade Regulation Law. However, though this doctrine has been utilized in this specific case, the use of the unfairness doctrine has been limited and in some cases, for example R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. v. Federal Trade Commission, 192 F.2d 535 (7th Cir. 1951) the doctrine of unfairness was not used at all. This could possibly sway our overall perception of the doctrine as the American legal system have decided that utilizing the unfairness doctrine may not have been necessary or indeed warranted plus, in a situation involving Irish law, we must also consider the currently in place sections of consumer and contract law such as the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act 1980 and the Consumer protection acts that are currently used in Irish law and the impact that a doctrine of unfairness may have on cases in which both our current laws and the unfairness doctrine can be applied. Overall, the Doctrine of Unfairness, though valid in certain situations may be overlooked entirely given the correct circumstances in favour of a more clear and decisive ruling. However would a similar Doctrine of Unfairness be welcomed, or even be necessary in modern Irish law? There are pros and cons to this which we shall discuss i n due course throughout the essay. In the creation of a doctrine of unfairness we must firstly decide as to whether the doctrine would be created to protect consumers from the unfairness of the bargain, which can be identified by use of rules, or from the unfairness of the outcome of said bargain, which is difficult to define. What is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unfairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ? Unfairness in a bargain can be identified and set down in a set of rules, but unfairness in the outcome of a bargain would be ambiguous, uncertain and difficult to resolve. Any rules on this would be decided by a judge in a given court and could change upon appeal if the judge in the appeals court does not uphold the previous judgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision. It could also be decided by the Law Reform Commission if they, upon reviewing the law, decided that a Doctrine of Unfairness would be needed or helpful in Irish Law. However, if an Irish judge should make the decision of creating such a doctrine to apply to a case before them, if it is poorly thought out, or the case is too ambiguous so as to allow the undue application of this doctrine to a wide number of cases the courts will see, it could lead to a floodgate effect. A floodgate effect is situation in which a small action, in this case a decision on a case, can result in a far greater effect with no easily discernible limit, this being the foreseeable forced application of the newly created doctrine of unfairness to cases where previously no such principle or rule would have been applied. Overall, the inclusion of the unfairness doctrine would require a clear and concise definition of what is unfair with regard to both the bargain and the result of the bargain and, as such, may lead to an inundation of cases regarding unfairness which in the eyes of the law may be deem permissible under the definition of unfairness. To consider the introduction of the Unfairness Doctrine, we must first take into consideration the Law Reform Commis sion which is an independent law making body that was established under the Law Reform Commission Act 1975. The functional purpose of the law reform commission is to keep the law under review and, in accordance with the provisions of the 1975 act, shall undertake examinations and conduct research with a view to reforming the law and formulate proposals for law reform. The Law Reform Commission Act 1975 defines law reform to include the development of law, the codification of the law and the revision and consolidation of statute law. This means that if a judge were to recognise a doctrine of unfairness in the law it would need to be recognised and codified by the law reform commission before passing into the law. Although judicial decisions would set legal precedent, to allow the Unfairness Doctrine be passed into Irish law, the Law Reform Commission would, first and foremost, have to define what is deemed to be fair and unfair within the boundaries of contract and or consumer law, n onetheless, the view of what is deemed to be fair varies from person to person and this may lead to varying interpretations of the doctrine and eventually the complete misuse of the doctrine over time. That notwithstanding, one could argue that the rules for statutory interpretation could be applied when considering how to use the unfairness doctrine. The use of the golden rule, the mischief rule and the literal rule. However, before these rules can be applied there would have to be concrete legislation set down to state what is believed to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unfairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and this needs to be done with great care and certainty. In the determination of what should be deemed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unfairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  we could follow what the United States has already decided. Both jurisdictions, the United States and Ireland, are common law jurisdictions and so Federal Trade Commission v. Sperry Hutchinson Co., 405 U.S. 233 (1972) and R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. v. Federal Trade C ommission, 192 F.2d 535 (7th Cir. 1951) have persuasive precedents within Irish law even without a doctrine of unfairness explicitly written into the law. Essentially, if the Law Reform Commission were to include the doctrine a necessity to define unfairness would occur and such a process would not be considered ergonomically sound and require frequent review if introduced to Irish law. Looking at this doctrine as applying solely in cases that are incontrovertibly similar to the Sperry Hutchinson case the use of statutory interpretation methods as mentioned above could disallow the misuse or misapplication of the doctrine. The golden rule is a rule of statutory interpretation which allows a judge to change from the normal meaning given to a piece of law so as to avoid an absurd ruling resulting. This could be used to great effect so as not to create injustices for either concerned party. The Mischief rule would a rule that would also be used to great effect as with the golden rule. The Mischief rule is where the judge would look are the aim of the doctrine of unfairness to determine what mischief it was created to redress and then from this the judge can apply the doctrine to the case if they deem it necessary or appropriate to do so. The Literal rule, is a rule that could be detrimental to the use of this doctrine if the doctrine is not correctly set out with a clear and unambiguous meaning as it is interpreted using the ordinary meaning of the words and language in the statute / legislation unless it is explicitly stated that certain words in the context have alternative meaning. Comparing the Doctrine of Unfairness with Irish legislation allows us to see what effect the doctrine could have if it were to be recognised in Irish law. With consumer protection legislation already in the law this comparison will allow for us to see if there is any necessity for the introduction of an Unfairness Doctrine. The Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act 1980, as a significant piece of legislation and an intrinsic part of every contract, ensures that all goods and services are of merchantable quality, fit for purpose, Conform to the sample given and are as described, these four elements are the conditions, contestably, that most people would think of when considering how a contract might be considered to be unfair, from this, one could conceivably say that there is no room and no need for another piece of legislation of a similar nature like this doctrine. Despite this frame of mind, it could also be said that there is room for an unfairness doctrine under certain circumstances if it can take less precedence than already in place legislation. For example, if a company such as Sperry Hutchinson Co. were to be making their stamps and these stamps were to dissolve or diminish in quality to the point of uselessness solely from their one use with the purpose of being placed in an SH stamp book, then it would violate the Sale of Goods and Supply o f Services Act 1980 for not being of merchantable quality nor being fit for purpose, thus rendering the using of the unfairness doctrine moot. However, if, like in the original case Sperry Hutchinson Co. had only à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unfairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  policies / practices not regarding production of their stamps but regarding the distribution and movement of the stamps once the public have them in their possession, then this would be a situation where no current legislation would apply and so could open up a place for utilizing a Doctrine of Unfairness. A Doctrine of Unfairness would need to take less precedence than legislation already in place in cases where the two pieces of legislation would be able to both be used. As the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act 1980 is a mandatory part of every contract unless it is explicitly state in the creation of the contract as an express term that it will not apply, this should take precedence over any following legislation. Thus openin g up an area of law an Unfairness Doctrine can be left to solely apply, business practices and policies within contracts rather than product or production based transgressions. It is the duty of the judiciary to decide on cases that are brought before them in the fairest way they can, being as strict or as lenient as they have to be with the respective cases. Even without the Law Reform Commission deciding to officially adopt a Doctrine of Unfairness within the Irish legal sphere, as previously stated, judges have the ability to use the precedent from American cases such as the SH and the Camel Cigarette Advertising Cases because American Cases have persuasive precedents. The significance of this is that the decisions of these cases are not binding on any judge in Ireland but, as both the United States and Ireland are common law jurisdictions judges can apply an American legal stance to an Irish case it they deem it fair and appropriate. In summary, the creation and utilisatio n of a Doctrine of Unfairness in Irish law could be argued easily either for or against. Due to the current state of consumer protection law the doctrine can mostly be thought of as unnecessary except in very specific cases that could very easily be decided in the same way it would with an Unfairness Doctrine without one. As consumers we would all like to be more and more protected against unfair and unjust practices used by companies, and conglomerates, and even each other when we buy from and sell to them. However from the look of its use in US law it would, more likely than not, go unused for a great amount of time either that or it would create an unceasing number of cases coming to court that would succeed because of ambiguity in the creation of the doctrine. Bibliography FTC v. Sperry Hutchinson Co., 405 U.S. 233 (1972) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. v. Federal Trade Commission, 192 F.2d 535 (7th Cir. 1951) Sale of Goods and Supply of Services 1980 Michael D. Scott, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The FTC, The Unfairness Doctrine and Data Security Breach Litigation: Has the Commission Gone Too Far?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2007) https://ssrn.com/abstract=1012232 accessed 25/02/2015 Ernest Gellhorn, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Trading Stamps, S H, and The FTCs Unfairness Doctrineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Duke Law Journal Vol. 1983:903-958 John Harrington, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Up In Smoke: The FTCs Refusal to Apply the Unfairness Doctrine to Camel Cigarette Advertisingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Federal Communications Law Journal (1995) Vol. 47 Issue 3 Art. 5 593-610 [1] Federal Trade Commission v. Sperry Hutchinson Co., 405 U.S. 233 (1972)

My Personal Reflection On Micro Teaching - 982 Words

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Judge But, Beware Of Their Cover - 1899 Words

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The Fattest Country free essay sample

Because of its huge amount of fast food restaurants, America is the fattest country in the world. Americans spend more money on fast food than on magazines, movies, books, newspapers, and music altogether. The top four, billion dollar establishments starting with the most popular are Subway, McDonald’s, Pizza Hut, and Burger King. However, fast food restaurants cause more environmental damage in America than coal mining and oil extraction. It not only causes environmental damage but also damages to the health of animals, humans, and causes economic damage. For humans, the damage begins slowly, usually starting in childhood. When children get accustomed to the fun ritual of eating fast food, it establishes bad eating habits that carry on into adulthood. People who do not eventually break the habit of fast food addiction become part of the millions of obese Americans who are trapped in the greasy claws of the fast food industry. Young children unknowingly get caught in the illusion of fast food. Assistant professor of the Public Health Reducing Cancer Disparities program, Elva Arredondo said, â€Å"Findings from the [statistical hypothesis test] suggest that overweight children are more likely to recognize fast food logos, while the opposite was true of the normal weight children† (77). Some fast food consumption starts from logo recognition. â€Å"Children as young as 2-11 develop consumption preferences resulting from commercial exposure; at the same time, children in this age group develop strategies for purpose requests and negotiation† (Arredondo 77-78). These â€Å"preferences† put pressure on parents to buy more and more fast food for their child’s pleasure. The more parents buy this unnecessary pleasure for their children, the worse their economic status gets. Arredondo states, â€Å"Recent studies show that fast food restaurant density and the number of McDonald’ s outlets are higher in inferior neighborhoods† (77). In a manner of speaking, fast food companies go after the little people, either â€Å"little people† meaning young children or people with little or no money to spend on junk food they do not need. Even if parents were able to keep their children from becoming fast food gluttons, there is always a possibility that a child could get caught up in his or her teen years. For teens, eating fast food oppresses their immune system and makes them vulnerable to diseases. According to a writer of Women’s Health Guide, Tracee Cornworth, â€Å"Eating fast food meals causes teens and young adults to gain more weight and face an increased risk of developing insulin resistance according to the results of a study funded by the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Fast food not only promotes obesity, but it also serves diabetes on the side. â€Å"Obesity and diabetes is on the rise in this country, and this important study highlights the value of healthy eating habits,’ said NHLBI Acting Director Barbara Alving, M.D† (Cornforth). Cornforth affirms, â€Å"One reason for weight gain may be that a single meal from one of these restaurants often c ontains enough calories to satisfy a person’s caloric requirement for an entire day.† That is up to 2,000 calories eaten in one sitting! On top of all those calories from one meal, more calories are added with additional meals. Gender and socioeconomic status manipulate a person’s ability to oppose fast food, Cornforth declares, â€Å"Study participants included 3,031 young black and white adults who were between the ages of 18-30 from 1985-1986†¦According to the study, men visited fast food restaurants more frequently than women and blacks more frequently than whites.† Adults are fatter than they have been in the past twenty years, and they are still getting larger. Matthew Boyle, a senior writer of the Fortune magazine, says, â€Å"After all, two-thirds of American adults are now over weight, and the fast food industry has been targeted as the primary villain in the obesity crisis.† At least people recognize the culprit, but is that bringing about any change? According to Boyle, â€Å"In the past few years [the fast food industry] has been slapped with numerous amounts of lawsuits on behalf of overweight kids and has been the subject of powerful polemics in the media, such as the 2002 bestseller Fast Food Nation and recent documentary Super Size Me. Is it any wonder, then, that Wendy’s wants to put oranges on its menu?† Apparently, the problem is not that people do not recognize the â€Å"villain† in America’s health crisis. The issue is that although most know that fast food is not good for them, they eat it a nyway. The reasons for this â€Å"although I know it is bad, I will eat it† action are because of the persuasive advertisement of fast food, the accessibility and the inexpensive price. Boyle explains, â€Å"Kimberly Egan, a partner at the center for Culinary Development in San Francisco, who has done menu improvements for McDonald’s, Burger King, and Wendy’s rattles off words that give quality cues ‘slow roasted’, ‘tender’, ‘grilled’, ‘spicy’, ‘fresh cut’ [these descriptions are normally found on TV advertisements]. Egan says that fast food companies use these words to make people think fast food is healthier for them.† It is no amazement that people become subject to their cravings from advertisement with narratives like â€Å"slow roasted† and â€Å"tender.† Boyle states that in September 2002 McDonald’s announced plans to change their frying oil, which would cut tra ns-fat levels 48% by February 2003. He also says that filling a typical fast food fryer with 35 pounds of partially hydrogenated vegetable oil costs about $13; filling it instead with reduced trans-fat soybean oil might cost about $20. Fast food’s unhealthy fat food is only cheap for customers as it is for them. People buy unhealthy food because it is easier on their pocket book than healthy food is. Next to obesity, fast food industries abuse their employees. According to Master of Science in Education, Jeffery Zurlinden, â€Å"Instead of hiring skilled, unionized workers, meat packing plants frequently recruit recent immigrants who are willing to work hard for low pay on assembly lines that turn live cattle into frozen hamburger at record speed.† Fast food industries may not being doing this horrid meat process themselves, but they are condoning it by purchasing the meat. According to Roger Horowitz, Associate Director at the Center for the History of Business, Techn ology, and Society, â€Å"†¦throughout the twentieth century, meatpacking left behind thousands of permanently damaged workers†¦the level of workplace dangers in meatpacking is no longer accurately reflected in government statistics.† .Not only are the employees getting harmed, but the meat also gets contaminated. According to Zurlinden, â€Å"Manure gets mixed with meat, contaminating it with salmonella and E.coli. Schlosser reports a US Department of Health (USDA) study that found 78.6% of ground beef contained microbes spread primarily by fecal material.† Sounds gross, does it not? Yet millions of unsuspecting people eat this â€Å"manure meat† everyday. No wonder these E.coli poisonings happen so frequently. About for 4% of people infected with E.coli develop hemolytic uremic syndrome [a disease that destroys red blood cells] and about 5% of children who develop the syndrome die† (Zurlinden). 4 and 5% may not seem like very much to some peopl e, but would anyone really want to risk their child’s life or their own over a hamburger or chicken nuggets? If there were 25,000 children in America who developed this disease each year, there would be 1250 dead children on a yearly basis! Adults are not the only ones hurt while working. Teens are also victim to pain while working for fast food companies. Zurlinden says, â€Å"Fast food runs on cheap labor, usually supplied by teenagers. Child labor laws that restrict work schedules are often ignored at fast food chains. Although part time employment can teach teenagers responsibility, teenagers who work are more likely to abuse drugs and get into trouble. They also risk getting hurt: Each year about 20,000 teenagers suffer work related injuries, about twice the adult rate.† Since fast food companies want cheap help, then why would they spend precious time and money properly training their teen employees? Some people may say that they have been eating fast food for ye ars and have never gotten ill from it. Yes, some may have done that, but there is always a first time, and why wait until the first time to understand the risk and do something about it? Some may say that fast food is easy to access and is good for on-the-go people. If one is eager to stop gambling his or her life for fast food and wants to eat healthy, there may be a better way to acquire quick meals; making a simple sandwich or slow roasting food for dinner, while one is away from home, are just some examples of how to avoid fast food. This epidemic should have been resolved long before today, but there is still a chance to save lives. Just imagine America losing its â€Å"fattest country† label, obesity rates dropping, and young children learning to live a healthier style of life. Fast food companies could stop condoning the dangerous meat packing industries and begin purchasing meat from organic farmers. They could cease advertising and selling unhealthy, greasy foods, an d start advertising healthy, fresh vegetables and uncontaminated meat. They could acknowledge child labor laws and create a safer working environment for teens. They could stop sugar coating the obesity issue with orange slices and get right to the nitty gritty. Works Cited Boyle, Matthew. CAN YOU REALLY MAKE FAST FOOD HEALTHY?. Fortune 150.3 (2004): 134-140.Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. Cornforth, Tracee. How Eating Fast Food Affects the Health of Teens and Young Adults.Womens Health Issues Womens Health Questions and Answers Womens Sexual Health. 30 Sept. 2010. Web. 09 Mar. 2011. ;http://womenshealth.about.com/od/girlshealth101/a/fastfoodteenwei.htm;. David Dozier, et al. Brand Name Logo Recognition of Fast Food and Healthy Food among Children.Journal of Community Health 34.1 (2009): 73-78. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. Horowitz, Roger. That Was a Dirty Job! Technology and Workplace Hazards in Meatpacking over the Long Twentieth Century Horowitz 5 (2): 13. Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas. 2008. Web. 09 Mar. 2011. ;http://labor.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/5/2/13;. Zurlinden, Jeffrey. Fast Foods Hidden Dangers. Pope John Said It Best, Capitalism Without Responsibility 14 Apr. 2001. Web. 09 Mar. 2011. ;http://www.fa-ir.org/ai/fastfood_hidden.htm;.

Analysis of Moral Dilemma essays

Analysis of Moral Dilemma essays Philosophers have studied moral concepts of right and wrong for millennia. During this time, great thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, Bentham, and Kant have developed a number of carefully reasoned and eloquent approaches to moral questions. These approaches in the field of ethics can span from metaethics (the core of ethical principles or universal truths) to the field of normative ethics (which takes a much more practical approach to solving specific problems) to the field of applied ethics (which looks at specific issues like abortion or animal rights) (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Each of these fields of ethics has sparked some often surprisingly elegant approaches to difficult ethical problems. However, in the real word, moral decisions are often much more difficult and confusing than they appear during reasoned ethical analysis. Moral dilemmas like the following illustrate the profound difficulty in coming to an ethical decision under truly trying and confusing circumstances. Imagine that you are an inmate in a concentration camp, and your son is about to be hung by a sadistic prison guard for attempting to escape. The guard wants you to pull out the chair from underneath your son, effectively killing him. The guard says that if you refuse to pull out the chair, he will kill your son and another, innocent, inmate as well. There is no doubt that the guard will carry out his actions. If you decide to pull out the chair from under your son, there are a number of potential consequences, both good and bad. Importantly, if the guard is true to his word, you will have saved the life of another innocent inmate. This is clearly a positive moral action, as preserving human life, especially innocent human life is essentially universally morally desirable. In saving this man's life, you spare both his personal agony, but spare his family and friends f...

HOPE Foundation essays

HOPE Foundation essays In Georgia, there is a program going on that helps out the student immensely. The Georgia State Lottery is used as a device to send hard-working students to college for free. Since the start of the lottery, over 488,00 kids have gone to college on the HOPE scholarship due to the lottery (Message from the President 1). Also, the lottery helps pay for pre-kindergarten facilities and programs, as well as computer and technology upgrades for their high schools through the HOPE foundation. North Carolina needs to take a serious look at the revenue Georgia brings from its lottery and think how it could be beneficial for North Carolina students. First, the lottery helps out a tremendous amount of students through the HOPE program. The way that the Hope scholarship works is that all Georgia high school students that graduates with a 'B' average or higher becomes eligible to receive a grant to help cover the cost of tuition, book, and mandatory fees at any public Georgia college or university and a $3,000 dollar scholarship to any private college (Educational Uses of Lottery Proceeds 1). Also, they will provide full tuition, books, and fees to any technical institute in the state of Georgia. That sounds like a whole lot of incentive for young adults to make a 'B' average in school. I just don't understand why North Carolina does not have the same incentive for our children. To keep the college student a good student, you must also keep a 'B' average in college to keep your scholarship. Georgia has given more than 1 billion dollars toward college bound students since 1993 (HOPE scholarship 1). North Carolina has no pro grams of this sort. Two years after starting college, HOPE recipients have a higher G.P.A. (grade point average), and have earned more credit hours than their counterparts who do not have the HOPE scholarship according to The Council For School Performance (Council for School Perfo ...

Microbial physiology and culture (Practical Oxygen Transfer in a Essay

Microbial physiology and culture (Practical Oxygen Transfer in a Stirred Tank Reactor) - Essay Example In this experiment, this method is used in the determination of KLa. This process is important since it is applied in many fermentation processes which undergo aerobic reactions. This allows meeting the necessary metabolic demands of aerobic microorganisms. In this process, air is passed through a reactor at a constant flow rate at given speed in revolutions per minute. From the data, CL and time, it’s able to calculate KLa using the formula. Drawing a graph of  against time produces a straight line whose gradient is KLa (Karimi, 2013). Question 1 RPM = 200 From the graph, Thus M=0.0594 KLa=3.564 RPM at 400 From the graph, Thus Therefore the slope, m=0.0146 Thus, KLa = 0.0146*60 = 0.876 h-1 RPM at 600 From the graph, Thus Therefore the slope, m=0.0343 Thus, KLa = 0.0343*60 = 2.058 h-1 RPM at 800 From the graph, Thus Therefore the slope, m=0.0344 Thus, KLa = 0.0344*60 = 2.064h-1 Second practical Flow rate 0.5 Rpm 500 From the graph, Thus Therefore the slope, m=0.0114 Thus, KLa = 0.0114*60 = 0.684h-1 Flow rate 1.50 Rpm 500 Start air concentration 5.7 From the graph, Thus Therefore the slope, m= Thus, KLa = *60 = 2.07h-1 Flow rate 2.0 Rpm 500 Start air concentration 5.7 From the graph, Thus Therefore the slope, m= 0.0594 Thus, KLa = 0.0594*60 = 3.564h-1 Question 2 KLa F N Log KLa Log N 3.564 1 200 0.551938 2.30103 2.058 1 600 0.313445 2.778151 2.064 1 800 0.31471 2.90309 Since Log KLa= y log N + constant From the graph, The equation y=-0.4234X + 1.5199 Therefore the constant y=0.4234 KLa F N Log KLa Log F 0.684 0.5 500 -0.16494 -0.30103 2.07 1 500 0.31597 0 3.564 1.5 500 0.551938 0.176091 Since Log KLa= X log F + constant From the graph, The equation y=-1.5127X + 0.2973 Therefore the constant x=1.5127 Question 3 Factors affecting KLa in STR: 1. Culture Conditions 2. Operation of the fermenter 3. Impeller Design Question 4 Increase in the values of the above stated factors reduces the time for the dissolved oxygen concentration. Question 5 Why KLa ra ther than KL It is extremely impossible to measure KL alone. Therefore, to make KL measurable it has to be combined with a to form KLa (Volumetric mass – transfer coefficient) which is easier to determine Question 6 Polarographic oxygen electrode measure Polarographic system is used to measure dissolved oxygen. In this system, the measurement device known as a transducer is the Clark oxygen electrode. An oxygen monitor is the processing (coupling Device) and the recording device is a computer aided data system. Question 7 Importance of KLa KLa is important since it facilitates establishment of efficiency and also it helps in quantifying effects of operating variables that has to be applied on the provision of oxygen. Question 8 Techniques of determining KLa Sulfite oxidation technique In this process, the Oxygen transfer rate is determined by the oxidation of sulfite solution. Gassing-out techniques In this process, the estimation of KLa is done by monitoring the increase of dissolved oxygen in during the process of aeration and agitation. Question 9 From the graphing and the trend of the graph, it can be determined that as the agitation speed increases, the time taken for the dissolved oxygen to reach dissolved oxygen concentration is shortened. Bibliography Karimi, A., 2013. Oxygen mass transfer in a stirred tank bioreactor using different

Are Black Afro Caribbean boys underachieving within the Education Dissertation - 1

Are Black Afro Caribbean boys underachieving within the Education system that are born in the UK - Dissertation Example However, it is also important to understand that success is about opportunity. In the case of Black Afro Caribbean boys, the opportunity for them may also rely on the level of encouragement given to them for success. These children are mostly encouraged to participate in sports, dance or music, but not on professions such as in line with politics and law. The sole purpose is to make them role models in arts and entertainment (BBC News, 2011). Thus, these children are given less substantial background on politics and law but they are rather given much exposure in areas such as sports, dance or music. Certainly, there are different perceptions or ideas about achieving and under achieving. In short, the perception about success may vary. This means that Black Afro Caribbean boys can become successful when it comes to the opportunity given to them but not on areas where they are not given much exposure or encouragement. Prior to the understanding of underachieving among Black Afro Caribb ean boys within the UK’s education system, it is important to understand the derivation of acknowledgement of achievement. Achievement in the academe is given greater weight in the measurement of one’s level of attainment in life. Education particularly in the UK is given with great importance. That is why performing better in the academe has become a good measure of one’s success. There is only secondary evaluation given to areas which pertain to talents and skills. In line with this, Black Afro Caribbean boys are usually secluded from academic evaluation due to the fact that they are much exposed to sports, dance, music and other skill and talent related areas. However, the issue of racial discrimination especially among teachers on black Caribbean pupils exists in the education system (Thomas et al., 2009). In this way, the entire evaluation system may not be having enough solid foundation for concise evaluative process. Thus, more relevant bases are necessar y in order to find out how exactly black Caribbean pupils are performing in school. Objectives It is in line with this that the proponent of this paper tries to evaluate and find out if Black Afro Caribbean boys are really underachieving in the academe provided that they are much exposed to sports, dance, and music and even susceptible to racial discrimination. On the other hand, it is also part of this paper to define what exactly are the bases or standards used in evaluating under achievement among Black Afro Caribbean boys. The proponent will particularly answer the following questions at the end of the study. 1. What are the reasons why children underachieve in education? 2. Are black Afro Caribbean boys especially under achieving within the education system in the UK? 3. What are the reasons and effects of different education system in the UK on black afro Caribbean’s boys lerning? 4. What are the prevailing perception and acknowledgement of achieving and under achieving ? 5. How and where does the acknowledgement of achievement derive? 6. Do black afro Caribbean boys have the same opportunities or expectations to achieve? 7. Are black afro Caribbean boys affected by the lack of male role models? 8. Do teachers have low expectations of social groups such as looked after children, asylum seekers, single parented families and the disabled etc? Methodology The proponent in general would therefore investigate the reasons why

Sexual Selection and Human Evolution Theories

Sexual Selection and Human Evolution Theories Miller, G.F. A review of sexual selection and human evolution: How mate choice shaped human nature Natural selection shapes species to adapt to their environments and arises from individual differences in survival ability- cannot favour ornamental traits that decrease survivorship. However, it is not sufficient to account for male traits such as peacocks tail that do not enhance survivorship but rather jeopardize it. Darwin argued that in species with sexual reproduction traits that improved ones chances in mate competition were selected for regardless of their negative effects for survival. Furthermore, Darwin emphasized the importance of female choice and male competition within the sexual selection because the former evokes the latter. However, Darwin does not investigate the origins of female preference (Ridley, M). Sexual selection was neglected for a long time because it implied the major evolutionary importance of female choice and it was not well accepted by the contemporaries of Darwin. Darwin: evolution is differential reproduction rather than differential reproduction. Novel concept. Hard to do mathematical analysis. Alfred Russell Wallace who wrote about natural selection at the same time with Darwin believed that exaggerated male ornaments and traits did not have an adaptive purpose and did not result from female choice but from good health and genes that allowed males to spend resources on display. He suggested that females are under stronger natural selection to have less ornamentation to avoid attention from predators because they spend lot of time near their offspring (Miller, 2000). Fisher (1930) believed that mate selection criteria were biological and thus, under natural selection. He suggested that male sexual ornaments served as indicators of high fitness and good genetic quality and would be selected by females (Miller, 2000). Furthermore, he coined the term runaway sexual selection, which suggests an evolutionary feedback mechanism where female preferences reinforce and perpetuate the traits selected for in males. In the case of runaway selection females choose to mate with males who display a certain trait, subsequently, it will be passed on to the offspring who will then have the trait that makes them more attractive mates. This ultimately leads to phenomenon such as peacocks tail. In Fishers model the male trait was not deleterious at the start but with females preferring a particular characteristic it passed its optimum cost-benefit ratio, and ultimately, costly traits arise as the outcome of runaway sexual selection (Ridley). Zahavi. Trivers (1972) was the first to explain the different intensity of sexual selection in males and females through unequal amount of parental investment. The production of gametes is more costly and time-consuming than that of sperm. Also, females invest more resources into offspring, therefore, they must be choosy and by mating with high-quality male they enhance the quality of their offspring. Since the number of available females limits male reproduction success males have to court and compete for the females. Trivers suggested that the level of competition among males is correlated with the imbalance of parental investment. For example, there is a great difference in body size between male and female elephant seals where one male can guard 40 females, resulting in strong male-male competition. (Le Boeuf, 1974). Trivers theory can be applied to bird species like pharalorpes and wading birds where it is the females who are bigger, more colourful and aggressive compete with each other for males and males take care of the offspring (Jenni, 1974). Importance of sexual selection theory: it was disregarded for the most part of 20th century and many science and humanities subjects were advanced without taking sexual selection into account, thus, many theories may need to be revised. Ridley, M., 1993, Evolution, Ch12 Adaptations in sexual reproduction Traits that reduce survivorship are deleterious and are mainly present in males as secondary sexual characteristics that are not actually necessary for reproduction; however, they may give an advantage in mate competition with other males. The most famous example of secondary sexual characteristics is peacocks tail but also colourful plumage of birds, big antlers in elks etc. Although these traits are costly they have not been eliminated by natural selection. Darwins sexual selection theory suggests that the disadvantages in having elaborate secondary sexual characteristics are evened out because they convey a benefit in gaining access to females and increasing reproductive success. Darwin distributes sexual selection into two categories: male competition and female choice. Darwin argued that secondary sexual characteristics would be more developed in polygamous species where typically one male mates with several females because the selection for male traits that enhance reproduction will be greater. He provided evidence for sexual selection by comparing polygamous and monogamous species and showed that in the former males tend to have brighter colouring, ornaments and larger bodies whereas in the latter males and females differ less. Another theory that tries to explain mate choice criteria is Zahavis handicap theory (Zahavi, 1975). According to this, only males with good genes can survive with a handicapping trait, such as peacocks tail and females will prefer to mate with them. Selection will favour males with handicap traits if their good genes outweigh the cost of the trait. The high cost of handicapping character makes it an honest indicator of males quality. In his model the preferred male trait was costly to begin with and the expense did not change as the trait became more desired in females. Archer,J, Lloyd, B, 2002, Sex and gender, Ch 3 Origins Sexual selection entails female choice and females should choose mates according to their ability to provide the female and her offspring with resources and protection. Buss (1989) studied human mate preferences in 37 cultures and concluded that there is a strong trend for females valuing mates with greater financial capacity, ambition and sense of entrepreneurship. Archer and Lloyd suggest that this is consistent with Triverss theory where females are interested in finding a partner who would be able to invest more parental care into offspring by providing resources. Males preferred physical attractiveness and youth, which are traits correlated with reproductive capacity (Buss, 1989). Miller, G.F., 2000, The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature Darwin became interested in different animal ornamentation that he encountered on his around-the-world-trip on the board of the Beagle. In 1871 he published The decent of man, and selection in relation to sex where amongst other topics he wrote about sexual selection. Sexual selection shapes each sex in relation to the other sex. Many of Darwins ideas were attacked but after a century it was rediscovered. Dawkins, R., 1989, The selfish gene, Battle of the sexes One of the main female strategies of reproduction is that instead of expecting help from the male to raise the offspring the female prefers good genes instead. If a female can detect good quality males by using visual cues than her offspring will receive on better genetic material. By doing so the likelihood of her genes to survive increases too. Emlen, S.T., Oring, L.W., 1977, Ecology, sexual selection and the evolution of mating systems Environmental factors affect the development of mating systems and ultimately the intensity of sexual selection. Fitness is a measure for individuals reproductive success in relation to that of other individuals. Male reproductive success is limited by the access to females, whereas female reproductive success is determined by the available resources. Subsequently, if females limit the reproduction of males then the competition and sexual selection will intensify in males. The ability of a male to protect territory or other resources attracts more females and causes differences in the mating success of other males. The presence of polygamous and monogamous mating systems depends on environmental factors such as the availability of receptive mates and the distribution of resources in time and space, which affects their defensibility. Polygamy is more common in species where one sex is does not invest parental care, and thus, can spend time and energy on defending resources and competi ng for mates. Emlen and Oring (1977) suggest that sexual selection is stronger in polygamous species than in monogamous species. They point out that the more one sex manages to monopolize resources the stronger becomes sexual selection and the more likely is the development of polygamous mating system. Moreover, the mating system can differ between populations of the same species due to variations in environmental setting, population structure and density, amount and distribution of resources that all change the potential of monopolization. Andersson, M., Iwasa, Y., 1996, Sexual selection Sexual selection occurs through competition over mates, which is also the underlying factor of different mechanisms of sexual selection. Andersson and Iwasa (1996) list these different mechanisms: firstly, female and male choice of mate that has been demonstrated in numerous studies acts to favour traits that attract mates from the opposite sex; secondly, contests that can take the form of direct fighting and favour traits such as large body size, physical stamina, weaponry and other characteristics that enhance fighting ability in the competing sex; thirdly, endurance rivalry that promotes traits to retain reproductive activeness for longer to increase the possibility of mating. Furthermore, they also suggest scramble competition that promotes traits that help in finding the mate before others, such as earlier maturation or better locomotion skills. In addition, other mechanisms are infanticide, coercion and sperm competition. As Andersson and Iwasa (1996) point out, the majority of research has concerned mate choice and mate competition, whereas other mechanisms of sexual selection remain poorly examined. Owens and Thompson (1994) suggest that optimal mate choice is a trade-off between the number of mates and their quality. They argue that both males and females can be picky; however, the selection will be greater in the sex with higher reproductive rate. Batemans gradient explains the differential intensity of sexual selection in males and females. In his studies with Drosophila, Bateman showed that sexual selection is typically stronger in males because the number of offspring fathered by a male increases proportionally with the number of males, whereas the number of offspring remains the same for the female regardless of the amount of males she mates. Male secondary sexual characteristics may become more pronounced if they increase their reproductive success, although if it reduces the overall viability. The costs of these characteristics include higher threat of predation; large bodies pose higher energetic demands and increase the likelihood of starvation during the growth period; competition may lead to injuries and death. Thus, the extent of secondary sexual characteristics is limited by their costliness and by sexual selection itself if one favoured trait starts to compromise another selected trait. Sexual selection affects the genetic make-up of the offspring and thus, is an important factor in evolution. It is currently very difficult to discriminate between the different mechanisms of sexual selection and their importance.

Jet Airways :: Case Study

Introduction: Accounting is the pillar of every company to measure its growth, loss, revenue , capital, its really specify the real terms in foam of figures and sometimes in tables, in accounting there are certain rules are obtained to make more accuracy while playing with figures. To apply and the all ‘ rules of game‘of an business we taking an aviation company known as â€Å"Jet Airways† before we get into, here are some intro points about this company. History: Jet Airways was found in 1st April 1992 by Mr. Naresh Goyal and they started their operation after one year may 5th 1993, Jet began international operations from Chennai to Colombo in March 2004. The company was listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange Jet airways India’s second major airline in terms of market shares after Indigo airlines based at Mumbai known as India’s economic capital in addition to being its India’s widest network with 3000 flights a day with 76 destinations worldwide, main operations are handle from Mumbai but secondary hubs are Delhi (Nation Capital of India) Kolkata and Bangalore, It has an international hub at Brussels Airport, Belgium. Founder &Management: Naresh Goyal, the founder Chairman of Jet Airways, India’s premier airline, has over 4 decades of experience in the Civil Aviation industry. After graduating in commerce in 1967. Mr Goyal begin his travel business with GSA for Lebanese international airline, himself chairman holding 80% of company shares. Currently this airline running with six boards of directors: 1. Mr. Javed Akthar 2. Mr. Iftikar M. Kadr 3. Mr. Aman Mehta 4. Mr. James Hogan 5. Mr. Gaurang Shetty 6. Mr. James Rigney After an overview of jet airways now we mould its ratios and figures: Accounting Principles & Standards: Accounting principles are main consideration , certain standards like rules of operations are pillar characteristicis to built accounting statements. Accounting principles can be presented in many ways, sometimes its create confusion for readers mainly for beginners, but still acoounting principles are main tool to obtained financial statements. Its hold the whole acoounting process together. In order to make useful, there are some characteristics such as being practical and dependable. As a dependable for it must be acurate, unbiased and verifiable and practically accounting information must be compareable, prepared in a time frame, user friendly, consistent and able to differentiate. In accounting beside these characteristics, certain operational rules are obtained are following: †¢ How a firm matched their revenue with expenses †¢ At what time expenses are revenue has been reported

Plato vs. St. Augustine of Hippo Essay

Our world has developed and flourished by the thoughts and contributions of many leaders. Among those leaders were Saint Augustine and Pluto. For many historians, Plato’s Allegory of the Cave and Augustine’s The City of God, are historical pieces that point out what had happened during ancient times. These pieces are significant because they shed some light on different thoughts and beliefs of people. Even though these works do not have similar world views, they attempt to show guidance to human life and to their beliefs. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, he teaches a world view with an example of a cave filled with darkness that people inside should get out by finding the truth and seeing the light. On the other hand, in Augustine’s The City of God, a Christian author, perceived this world as a place where the heavens and the earth coexist. Even though they both showed some similarities on the concept of dualism, these two philosophers had quite different principles and foundational beliefs. Augustine lived in the time around the fourth century. He was born in Tagaste, a Roman province in northern Africa. During his life time, the Roman Empire was on the verge of weakening and later collapsed for good. And according to Brian Levack, one of the main reason for the collapse of the once great empire was due to invasion from many sides in addition to the â€Å"unwise decisions, weak leadership, and Military Failure† in the empire (Levack 190). During this time, Constantine (AD 272-337) strived to Christianize the Roman Empire and thus Christianity was spreading all over the empire; however, there were debates and disagreements in the doctrine of Christianity and thus there existed splits among Christians that gave rise to the division in the Roman Empire. It was during this time the idea of Monasticism and Donatism flourished. Greek and Roman philosophical thoughts existed in the fourth century. The origin of the philosophy is traced back to the classical age of Greece. At that time, many thoughts emanated from different philosophers, each with their own views. However, as many would agree, Plato (ca.429-327  B.C.E) was the most prominent philosophers in the realm of ancient philosophy. He was influenced by the scientific thoughts of people that existed long before him. Since Plato was a student of Socrates, his teachings and beliefs have paved a way for Plato which in turn influenced Aristotle. Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, clearly explains his philosophical thoughts and understanding. Basically, this work is a dialogue between Socrates, his mentor, and Glaucon (Plato’s brother). The work paints a picture of prisoners tightly chained in a cave in an attempt to describe the nature of justice –one of the â€Å"absolute forms.† Above these prisoners is a fire that casts a shadow of objects that pass through the way between the fire and them. He describes that for the prisoners that are unable to see anything but only the shadows casted by the objects on the wall of the cave. Plato further explains that if any one among the prisoners is set free and is forced to look up to the light, he will be suffer from its glitter on his eyes till he adjusts to it. If told that what he used to observe in the caves was an illusion, he will not be well convinced and would rather choose to go back to the cave where he will claim what he sees in the cave is a reality . However, if he is forced to stay in the world above, he will see the reality, the objects themselves: â€Å"And first he will see the shadows best, next the reflections of men and other objects in the water, and then the objects themselves.† After having a thorough understanding of the reality in the above world, if he returned back to the cave, his vision will be filled with darkness and requires time to adjust. And even if he does, he, along with his ideas and believes will not be accepted among other prisoners. As mentioned above the works and contributions of these philosophical thoughts and ideologies had shaped influential people in the world of Christianity and among them was Augustine. In his early days, his parents sent him to Carthage for his rhetorical education. During his stay, he was struck by the search for truth. And this quest led him to the probe in to the Manichaeism ideology which was widely spread at the time. However, after discovering that the ideology could not bring the solutions what he was longing for, he become interested in neo-Platonic ideas while he was in Milan. This interest of his compelled him to become a Neo-Platonist (Gonzalez 210). During the time of Augustine, Christianity was spreading through the Roman Empire before the time of its downfall. Also, divisions occurred in the Empire after the death of Constantine, who is credited for his attempt to unify the churches in the Empire. Levack mentions that the Huns, Alaric and Vandals played great role that contributed for the collapse of the once great empire in the year A.D 410(191). In addition to this, many sources point out many reasons for downfall of the Empire, but most of them point their fingers at the transformation of the Empire to Christianity. According to historians, Polytheist claims that Christians were more interested to serve God than the Empire and have a sense of forgiveness towards enemies. Therefore both polytheist and pagans stressed that the Christian God failed to protect the Empire. In an attempt to prove Christianity was not a threat, and also to clear the misconception about the allegation that the Church profoundly contributed to the Roman collapse, Augustine wrote The City of God. Basically, the work mainly revolves around two cities: The Earthly city and the Heavenly city. The earthly city is a typical example of a place, presumably inhabited by pagans and polytheist and is found on earth. On the contrary, the heavenly city sojourns on earth. He makes a comparison between the two. He says that both are formed by two loves: â€Å"the earthly by the love of self† and that of the heavenly by the love of God. While the earthly city pleasures from the glorification of itself and its men, the heavenly counterpart pleasures in the glorification of God. The earthly operates on its own; that is, with the power, wisdom and rule of men while the heavenly is fully dependent on God. Augustine criticizes men of the earthly city for excessive pride in their own wis dom and for unthinkable representations of the image of God they made to worship, and this men that he is referring to are neo-Platonists. Augustine explains the two opposing aspects that exist in the city: peace and Conflict. He mentions that the earthly city is characterized by arguments, wars, and quarrels. Although victories over such aspects exist, he claims that it is either â€Å"life destroying† or â€Å"short-lived.† On the contrary, he points out that the heavenly city is characterized by the existence of everlasting victory and â€Å"never-ending† peace. He sets a clear demarcation between different aspects of both the heavenly and earthly cities. He explains the necessity to live by faith so as to escape the distraction of  that surrounds to deceive families. During his time, since the idea of monasticism and pilgrimage was well known, he encourages that families practice these idea to their advantage to gain heavenly blessings and everlasting peace, and lessen the burdens of the body, a prominent goals of all human beings that live in both cities. However, he contends that their appro aches are totally different: the earthly city has its own set of rules designed by the will and desires of men. Also, the earthly city has ideologies and principles set forth by philosophers, such as polytheists, who Augustine thinks are foolish for their earthly wisdom and understanding of the truth, and yet deceived themselves would also deceive the inhabitants of the earthly city: â€Å"the earthly city has had some philosophers whose doctrine is condemned by the divine teaching, and who, being deceived†¦supposed that many gods must be invited to take part in the interest in human affairs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  furthermore he explains that there would always a discord between both cities, and everlasting peace on earth could be attained through the unity in worshiping one God. Augustine’s City of God was one of his influence works that left positive marks on the thoughts and beliefs of many generations after him. According to Michael W. Goheen and Craig G. Bartholomew in Living at the Crossroads, he played a vital role in influencing the thoughts of many that provided structures for med ieval culture. But still they point out that this work of his is a combination of elements of Scripture and neo-Platonism (77). This shades some light on how he was deeply influenced by Greek and Roman Philosophical thoughts prevalent during his time. Besides, Goheen and Bartholomew argue that Augustine’s deep immersion in neo-platonic thoughts had an adverse effect on the development of western culture (77). This is evident in most of his works that â€Å"bore a [n]eo-Platonic stamp† (Gonzalez 212). Finally, if it was not for Augustine’s works, the Christianity that we have today might be different. It was through his work that became an influential theologian that paved the way for both medieval and modern Christianity: Walsh and Middleton label him as â€Å"the father of middle ages† (111). Although some say that his immersion in neo-platonic thoughts had negative consequences, Gonzalez points out that he was the most quoted theologian in the Middle Ages and thus â€Å"became one of the great doctors of the Roman Catholic Church† (216). It cannot be denied that his biblical world view has some stains of platonic philosophical  views; however, some of these thoughts have some similarity to th e bible. For instance, Plato assumed that there is a supernatural power which he labels as the â€Å"One† which is the reason for the existence of everything. Besides, he point out that there is another world beyond human existence –a world which he calls the â€Å"above world,† which exists at a higher level beyond the existence of humans. This assumption is akin to that of what the bible states as the Heavens. Thus, although Augustine’s works, thoughts and world views are deeply influenced be Greek and Roman Philosophies, he is still the â€Å"favorite theologian† and the most prominent figures for his significant contributions profoundly contributed to the realm of Christianity. As a Christian, I was surprised to discover that how these works are still influential in our world today. Furthermore, these works will broaden the minds of Christians in terms of the history of Christianity and its doctrine. Finally I contend that these historical pieces will gi ve a slight sense of the theological and philosophical world views and broadens ones understanding. Works Cited Augustine. â€Å"The City of God-excerpts on the Two Cities†, Medieval Sourcebook, July 1998. Stephen, Cooper. Augustine for Armchair Theologians, 2002. Print. Plato. â€Å"The Allegory of the cave†, The History Guide, May 2004. Goheen, Michael W., and Craig G. Bartholomew. Living at the Crossroads. Grand Rapids: Baker Publishing Group, 2008. Print. Gonalez, Justo L. The Story of Christianity. Peabody: Prince Press, 2007. Print. Levack, Brian, Edward Muir, Meredith Veldman, and Michael Mass. The West. N.p.: Pearson Education, 2007. Print. Walsh, Brian J., and Richard Middleton. The Transforming Vision. Downers Grove: Inter Varsity Press, 1984. Print.

Greek Chorus in History - 2120 Words

THE GREEK CHORUS SMALL PLACE IN HISTORY The history of the Greek Chorus can be traced back to a relatively small time period; from the original Dithyrambs, to Thespis small, but revolutionizing changes to the system, to Aeschylus triple entente of tragedies The Oresteia, which included the infamous Agamemnon. To truly understand the Greek Chorus, and what role it was meant to play when it was created and thereafter altered, one has to go back to the beginning of timeÂ…which in this case happens to be somewhere around the seventh century, B.C. During this time, the festival of Dionysus was held annually in Athens to celebrate and honor the god for which it was named. Dionysus, being the Greek (and Roman) god of wine and of an†¦show more content†¦When Clytemnestra speaks to the chorus that the Achaeans had taken Troy that very night, they are skeptical and poke fun at her in their disbelief. Yet how can I be certain? Is there some evidence?... Is it dream visions, easy to believe, you credit?... The cha rm, then, of some rumor, that made rich your hope? (Grene and Lattimore 13) To be fair, Clytemnestras not the only one whos been unfaithful; Agamemnon came home with his new slave, Cassandra, who happens to be the sister of Paris and Hector. And while Agamemnon hasnt really been true to his wife, it really wasnt considered a bad thing for a man to have more than one partner in those timesÂ…if anything, it was applauded by all but the original partner(s) of the promiscuous man and some of the more snobbish common women. It was a bad thing for a woman to have more than one male partner, however, because women were allowed very little rights. But more to the topic, the chorus acquired some sympathy from the audience for, not only their King Agamemnon, but also to his new lady, Cassandra.Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Function of the Greek Chorus1002 Words   |  5 Pagesmilestones, and popular morality. 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